The analysis includes detailed information on GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as liraglutide and semaglutide (available in both injectable and oral forms), as well as dual agonists, glucagon/GLP-1 receptor agonists and triple agonists. Furthermore, the review highlights the current limitations of these therapies in the effective treatment of obesity. The development of incretin therapy in recent years has expanded therapeutic options, particularly for people with diabetes.
summary
introduction
Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders have become a major global health problem in recent years, and many individuals with it meet criteria for pharmacological treatment. The development of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for chronic weight control has sparked renewed interest in incretins and other hormones as targets for obesity, as well as research into dual and triple inhibitors.
Ways
The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the available data on approved and emerging incretin-based agents for the treatment of obesity.
results
In clinical trials of currently available agents in overweight or obese subjects, weight loss of 6% to 21% of baseline body weight has been observed, with 23% to 94% of participants achieving a weight loss of 10% or more, depending on the study and agent used. Positive results have also been observed with regard to cardiovascular risk and outcomes, prevention of diabetes, metabolic-related fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis, and prevention of weight regain after metabolic surgery. Limitations associated with these agents are their high cost, the potential for weight regain once treatment is discontinued, the potential for loss of lean body mass, and adverse gastrointestinal effects.
Conclusions
Several dual and triple adjuvant agents are still under development, and more data are needed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of these emerging therapies versus incretin-based therapies; however, the data are promising and new results are eagerly awaited.
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